Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno Becomes Africa's Youngest Marshal in Military History
By Zaharaddeen Ishaq Abubakar (Katsina Times)

This past weekend, Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno, Chad’s interim president, was awarded the prestigious military rank of Marshal. This honor comes in recognition of his exceptional leadership in the country’s armed forces and his unwavering commitment to national security. Mahamat is the son of the late President Idriss Déby Itno, who died in 2021 during a military confrontation.

Early Life and Education

Born on January 1, 1984, Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno is the son of Chad's former president. He received his military training at renowned institutions, including the Military Academy of Aix-en-Provence in France, where he honed his skills in strategy and leadership.

Following his father’s death, Mahamat assumed leadership of Chad’s transitional military council in 2021. As the interim head of state, he has spearheaded efforts to reform Chad’s political framework, prioritizing peace and security.

Appointment as Marshal

Mahamat’s promotion to Marshal recognizes his significant contributions to leading Chad’s military in combatting terrorism and insurgencies, particularly in the Sahel region and around Lake Chad. This rank reflects his courage and exemplary leadership.

Criteria for Attaining Marshal Rank

1. Bravery: The rank is awarded to individuals who have achieved outstanding success in battle, especially in defending their nation’s sovereignty.
2. Effective Leadership: Mahamat demonstrated strategic leadership in commanding troops and safeguarding Chad’s borders.
3. Military and Government Endorsement: The rank was conferred following recommendations from senior military officials and approval from his government.

Traditional Aspects of Marshal Appointment

• Oath of Service: Mahamat swore to protect Chad and its citizens.
• Presentation of the Baton of Command: A symbolic gesture denoting his role as the highest-ranking officer.
• Celebration of Heroism: The ceremony was attended by top military and political leaders.

Africa's Youngest Marshal

Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno’s appointment as Marshal sets him apart as Africa’s youngest recipient of this military rank. It positions him among an elite group of African leaders recognized for their military prowess.

Prominent African Marshals in History

Several African leaders have held the rank of Marshal due to their military and political achievements:

1. Jean-Bédel Bokassa (Central African Republic): Appointed Marshal in 1974 after a successful career in the French military. He later declared himself emperor in 1976.
2. Mobutu Sese Seko (Democratic Republic of Congo): Elevated to Marshal in 1983 after years of authoritarian rule since 1965.
3. Idi Amin Dada (Uganda): Self-appointed Field Marshal in 1975 during his repressive regime.
4. Haile Selassie I (Ethiopia): Granted the rank of Field Marshal for his efforts in modernizing Ethiopia’s military.
5. Hastings Kamuzu Banda (Malawi): Appointed Field Marshal during his presidency, emphasizing his control over the nation’s military.

Regional Insights

In Nigeria and Niger, the rank of Marshal is not part of the military hierarchy. The highest ranks remain General (Army), Air Chief Marshal (Air Force), and Admiral (Navy).

Other African and Arab Countries

• Egypt: Field Marshal Abdel Hakim Amer led during the 1956 and 1967 wars with Israel.
• Sudan: Field Marshal Omar al-Bashir declared himself Marshal during his tenure.
• Zimbabwe: Field Marshal Josiah Tongogara played a pivotal role in Zimbabwe’s liberation war.

Conclusion

Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno’s elevation to Marshal underscores his leadership in shaping Chad’s military trajectory and addressing security challenges in Africa. This historic appointment solidifies his legacy as one of the youngest and most dynamic leaders in African history.

Photo Caption: Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno, Africa’s youngest Marshal.